| Measure | Realization |
| Indicator Name: | Patent applications, nonresidents |
| Indicator Source: | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Patent Report: Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activity. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. | macro-rankings.com |
| Indicator Description: | Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. |
| Observations Date: | 12/31/1981 |